DU DC I, DC II and Applied Course Syllabus – Modern Indian Languages & Literary Studies (Tamil)

Tamil

Discipline Courses II: (No. of Periods- 56; Marks – 100)

Semester	Title
III	Ethnography, Folklore andCulture in Tamil Literature
IV	Tamil Literature and Ecology
V	Tamil Literature and Science
VI	Tamil Literature and Psychology
VII	Tamil Literature and History
VIII	Tamil Literature and Sociology

Every semester Teaching will be spread over 16 weeks including 2 weeks for review.

Semester-III Paper-1

Ethnography, Folklore and Culture in Tamil Literature                      (Marks 75+25)

The aim of the course is to teach the students to read literature as the source to understand and explain the Ethnography, Folklore and Culture of a society. It will train the students to write on the specialized subject of Ethnography, Folklore and Culture with the help of literary texts and to incorporate this knowledge in understanding of literature and other studies. This course will enhance the ability in language usage by developing the technical terminology of the specific fields of knowledge. The teaching method of this course includes the identification of texts which contains the elements of Ethnography, Folklore and Culture in Tamil. The intense study of select texts will equip the students to understand the particular field of knowledge in Tamil and inculcate an ability to write on these disciplines. This study shall explain the role of literature to understand Ethnography, Folklore and Culture and the need of these disciplines in understanding and production of literary texts.

 Units of the Course:                                                          Marks   Periods

Meaning and Definition: Ethnography, Folklore and Culture.	15	10
Locating Ethnography, Folklore and Culture of Tamil Literature.	15	10
Analysis of Tamil Literary text through Ethnography	15	12
Analysis of Tamil Literary text through Folklore	15	12
Analysis of Tamil Literary text in the context of Culture	15	12
Study of Literary Texts:

i.    Ancient Tamil text:   Cilappatikaaram: Nadukaan kaathai, Kadukaan kaathai, Vettuvavari, Aycchiyarkuravai, kunrakkuravai and Valtthukkathai.

ii.    Modern Tamil text: Gopallagramam By Ki.Rajanarayanan

Essential Reading:

1. Cilappatikaaram   (Nadukaan   kaathai,   Kadukaan   kaathai,   Vettuvavari, Aycchiyarkuravai, kunrakkuravai and Valtthukkathai only), Tirunelveli: Southindia Saiva Siddhantha Works Publishing Society.

2.   Ki.Rajanarayanan, 1976, Gopallagramam, Chennai:Vasahar Vattam

Desirable Reading:

1.   Baktavathsala Bharathi, 2009, “Inavaraiviyal”,  Panpaattu Manidaviyal Chidambaram: Meyyappan Pathippakam. pp.117-119

2.   Sivasubramanian, A., 2009, Inavaraiviyalum Tamil Novalum, Chennai:Parisal Veliyeedu. pp.09-45

3.   Dhananjeyan, A., 2006, “Inavaraiviyalum Ilakkiyamum”, “Thamilil Inavaraiviyal Kavithai”, “Karukku: Daliththukalin Suya Inavaraiviyal”  Vilimbunilai Makkal Valakkaarukal: Inavaraiviyal Aaivu, Pondicherry: Vallinam pp.  02-27; 40-52 and 53-68

4.   Gnanathai, M., 2006, “Inavaraiviyalum Kathaippaadalum”  in  Maravar Kathaippaadalkal: Inavaraiviyal Aaivu, Chennai:Kaavya. pp. 53-64

5.   Lourdu.S.D., 1990, “Folklore in Tamilnadu: A Survey” Encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature (Vol I), Edited by John Samuel, Chennai:Institute of Asian Studies. pp. 451-452

6.   Lourdu,S.D., 2000, “Naattaar Valakkaarriyalum Ilakkiyamum” Naattaar Valakkaarriyal: Sila Adippadaikal, Palayamcottai: Naattaar Valakkaarriyal Aaivu Maiyyam, St. Xaviers College. pp.01-47 and 64-68

7.   Geetha.Ko.Ve., 2006, Novelhalil Naattar Vazhzkkarrukal, Chennai: Thirukkural Pathippakam

8.   Paramasivan, T.2001: “Ariyappadatha Thamizhakam” Panpaattu Asaivukal, Nagercoil: Kalachchuvadu Pathippakam. pp.11-114

9.   Muthaiah. P.S Mullai, 2006. Tamilar Iniya Vaazhvu, Chennai:Mullai Pathippakam.

10. Dhakshinamurthy. A, 2005: Tamilar Naakarikamum Panpaadum, Chennai: Yaazh Veliyeedu.

Semester-IV Paper-2

Tamil Literature and Ecology                                                                   (Marks 75+25)

This  course  deal  with  the  concept  of  land,  nature  and  human  life  as depicted in Tamil literature from the perspective of eco-criticism. The concept of land division, ethnic culture and worldview of ancient Tamils will be explored with the help of the sources of classical Tamil literature. The eco-regional divisions of Tamil Nadu in various historical periods will be discussed in the light of literary sources. The representations of ecological issues of contemporary life in modern Tamil literature will be discussed in order to heighten the ecological awareness of students.

Units of the Course:                                                                          Marks     Periods

1.   Eco-criticism: theory and meaning                                                  10          08

2.   .Eco-criticism as a literary and cultural movement.                         10          08

3.   Ecology and Nature in Tamil literature:                                           15          12

i.      Landscape and Tamil Poetry:Concept of Thinai

ii.      Place of ‘karupporul’ in Akam Poems: Description of river, forests, flora and fauna

4.   Ecological issues and Eco-politics in Modern Tamil Literature.    10          08

5. Intensive Study of literary texts from an ecological perspective.     30          20

(i) Cirupaanaarruppatai

(ii)Turvai by Dharman\

Essential Readings:

1. SSSWPS  (Ed),  Cirupanarrupadai,  Tirunelveli:  Southindia  Saiva  Siddhantha Works Publishing Society.

2. Dharman.So, 1996, Thuurvai, Kumbakonam: Akaram

Desirable Readings:

1.   Selvamony, Nirmal, 2011, “Tinai poetics and Tamil Poetry”, Horizons: Critical Perspectives on Language and Literature. Edited by Suresh Frederick. Thanjavur: Amirthamani Publications, pp 1-15. (ISBN: 978-81-920985-1-7)

2.   Selvamony,    Nirmal,    2012    “Interrelatedness:    Tinai,    Ecocriticism    and Envirocriticism”, Gandhigram Literary Review 1.1 (Summer 2012) (61-80. ISSN:2278-8170)

3.   Selvamony,  Nirmal,  2008,  “Tinai  in  Primal  and  Stratified  Societies”,  Indian Journal of Ecocriticism 1.1 (August 2008): (38-48. ISSN: 0974-2840)

4.   Karthikesu Sivathambi, 2010, “Tinai-k-Kotpattin Camuga Atippataikal Pandai-t-Tamil-c-Camugam:  Varalarrup  Purithalai  Nokki,  NCBH,  Chennai, PP.28-53

5.   Thangarasu. Mu., 2000, Sangailakkiyathil Nilaviyal, Chennai: Tamilmalar Publication,

6. Sarathambal, S., 2005: “Sanka Ilakkiyamum Panpaattu-c-Culaliyalum (Mullai Nilam)”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by       Krishnamurthy. S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp. 228- 239

7. Balaji, P., 2005, “Pandaiya Ilakkiyaththil Culaliyal- suya-c-Chulnilaiyial”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal :Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by Krishnamurthy. S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp.240-258

8. Anarkali, U., 2005, “Cankakaala Vaazhviyal Mathippukalum Curru-p-purach Chulalum”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal :Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-2), Edited by Krishnamurthy. S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp.162-171

9.   Lakshmi,  J.R.,  2008,    “Curru-c-Cuulal  Oor  Arimukam  &  Tamil  Ilakkiyam Kaattum Curru-c-Cuulal Cinthanaikal” Curru- c-Cuulaliyal Kalvi-t- thittam, Chennai: Thirukkural Pathippakam. pp.15-25 and pp. 81-89

10. Balasubramanian,  K.V.,  2008,  “Thinai-k-Kolkai”  in  Canka  Ilakkiya  Kolkai, Madurai: Minakshi Pathippakam. pp. 244-376

Semester-V Paper-3

Tamil Literature and Science                                                                   (Marks 75+25)

The aim of the course is to teach history of scientific thoughts of Tamilnadu with the reference of   literary and philosophical texts of Tamil. This course train the students to identify the   scientific concepts and ideas of Tamil society which are registered in literary texts   along with some specialized treatises of Tamil to understand the tradition Tamil knowledge system. This course is to enable the students to incorporate the indigenous and traditional knowledge into contemporary knowledge system with the help of literature.

Units of the Course:                                                                              Marks    Periods

1. Scientific Concepts of Ancient Tamils:                                               15        12

i    Concept of Natural science in Tholkappiyam

ii.  Scientific concepts in Sangam Literature

a.   Scientific Concepts in Thirukkural.

2. Tamil traditional knowledge of agriculture and cultivation.            15        12

3.Scientific Concepts in Medieval Literature:                                          15        12

i.    Concept of human body and mind in Siddha Tradition

ii.    Medicine and Medical practices in Tamil Tradition

4. Astronomy and Astrology In Tamil Tradition.                                       15        12

5. Ship building and marine related knowledge in Tamil Tradition.      15        08

Essential Reading:

1. Rajeswari, R., 2005, “Tholkappiyaththil Ariviyal Sinthanaikal”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal: Ariviyal, Tolilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp. 01-11

2.   Subramanian.S.V,1979, Ilakkiya-k- kanavugal, Chennai: Tamil Pathipagam

3. Vellaichamy. P., 2005, “Tamil Ilakkiyaththil Velaanmai Tholil Nutpankal” Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal: Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1) Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp.56-63

4. Dhakshinamurthy.A,   2005,   “Pandaith   Thamilarin   Vaaniyal   Arivu”, “Maruththuva-k-kalai”,Tamilar Naakarikamum Panpaadum, Chennai: Yaazh Veliyeedu. pp. 166-177 and 360-371

5.   Subramanian.S.V. and Madavan.V.,1983, Heritage of Tamil: Siddha Medicine, Chennai: IITS

6.   Shanmugam Pillai, Mu., 2002, “Kolum Naalum”, Sanga-t-tamilarin Valipatum Chatangukalum, Chennai: IITS.pp.164-206

7.   Alphens    Nathanial,    M.,    “Tamil    Ilakkiyaththil    Marutthuvam”,    Tamilar Marutthuvam, Nagercoil: Nesamony Tamilar Pathippakam. pp. 88-127

8.   Senthee Natarajan, 2012, “Vattatthil Enthap pulliyum Thodakkappulli Aagalaam” Pulaippeti Enroru Vicithra Valakkam, Chennai: NCBH.

9.   Narasaiah, 2005, “Inthiyak Kapparkalaium Kapparkuudankalum”, Kadal Vazhi Vanikam, Chennai: Pazhaniyappa Brothers. pp. 207-216

Desirable Reading:

1.   Kumari Mainthan, 2004, “Tholkaappiyaththil Velippadum Ariviyal Kotpaadukal- Ariviyal Anukumuraikal”, Indiya Varalaarril  Puranankal, Ilakkiyankal, Vaaniyal, Madurai:Venkai Pathippagam. Pp.70-84

2.   Palanichamy,Karuvai., 2005, “Thirukkural Uzhavu Or Ariviyal Anukumurai”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. Pp.73-80

3.   Manavalan, A., 2005, “Puranaanuru Kaattum Palanthamilar Tholil Nutpam”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal: Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by  Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. Pp.191-204

4.   Kanchana,R. 2005, “Ilakkiyaththil Nilaiyiyal uyirnuul Karuththukkal” Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. Pp: 219-227

5.   Ilankovan, M. 2005, “Cankap Pura Nulkal vazhi Nirmelaanmai” Thamilarin Marabu-c- chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-1), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studie. Pp.46-63

6.   Nilakandapillai, T., 2005, “Pazhanthamililakkiyaththil Kolkalum Koliyakkankalum”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-2), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. Pp.70-79

7.   Minakshi Alagappan,K.,2005, “Tamilar Jothitaviyal- Or Ariviyal Chinthanai”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-2), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. Pp.86-98

8.   Mahalakshmi, T., 2005, “Pandaithamilar Vaazhvil Jothita Vaaniyal Arivu”, Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal:Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-2), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies Pp:111-134

9.   John Asirvatham, 1986, Tamil Ilakkiyaththil Ariviyal, Chennai: CLS

10. Niranjana Devi, R., 2004, “Tamil Naattu Maruththuvam”, Thenninthiya Maruththuva Varalaaru, Chennai:IITS. Pp. 156-222

11. Muthu.S.Nellai., 2006, Ariviyale Ilakkiyam, Chennai: Vellaiyampattu Sundaram.

12. Sujatha, 2005, “Ariviyal Punaikathaikalin Kurukal” Tamil Ini, 2000: Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan,P and Cheran, U., Nagercoil: Kalachuvadu publication. pp. 257-262

13. Chandrasekaran.T,(General editor),1950, Kappal Satthiram, Chennai:Oriental manuscript library.

Semester-VI Paper-4

 Tamil Literature and Psychology                                                              (Marks75+25)

The aim of this course is to teach the basics of psychological theories and to understand the literature on the basis of the theories. This shall train the students  to  interpret  Tamil  literatures  with  the  help  of  contemporary psychological theories and to explain various human behaviors depicted in literary texts. The character structure, theme and conflict in literary texts are taken  for  analysis  on  the  basis  of  social  and  individual  psychology  with reference to classical and modern literature.

Units of the Course:                                                                         Marks         Periods

1.   Introduction:                                                                               10                  08

2.   Basic theory of psychology with reference to Freudian School.

3.   Psychological aspects in Ancient Tamil Literature.                  10                  08

i.  Concept of meyppatu in Tolkappiyam

ii.     Concept of Love emotions in Sangam literature.

iii.     Concept of mind in Thirukkural.

4.   Concept of mind and body in Tamil philosophical tradition    15                 12

i.    Concept of mind and body in Manimekalai (Buddhist tradition)

ii.     Concept of mind and body in Nilakeci (Jaina tradition)

iii.     Concept of mind and body in Siddha tradition

5.   Dreams in Tamil Literature: Psychological interpretations.    20                  14

i.     Silappathiharam: Kanatthiram Uraitha Kathai and Adaikkalak Kathai

ii.     Thirukkural: kanavunilai Uraitthal (Kural: 1211-1220)

iii.       Nachiyar Thirumozhi: Varanamayiram: Poem No. 556-566

iv.       Kali-t-thokai (Poem Nos: 24,128,142,144,145 and 147)

6.   Influence of Freudism in Modern Tamil Literature.              20                    14

i.   Freudism in Modern Tamil poetry and plays

ii.  Freudism in Folk literature.

iii.  Stream of consciousness in Tamil novels.

Essential Reading:

 1.   Pichamurthi 1985, “Uyirmakal” in Pichamurthi Kavithaigal, Chennai:Cre-A. pp.

2.   Chellappa,C.S.  1977, Jeevanamsam, Chennai:Ezhutthu Pirachuram

Desirable Reading:

 1.   Nalankilli, Aranka., 1999,  Freudin Kalai Ilakkiya Ulappakuppayvu, Pondicherry: Vanidasan Pathippakam,.

2. Vidhyadaran,  K.P.,  2005,  “Canka  Ilakkiya  Nampikkaikalum  Ulaviyal Kuurukalum”  Thamilarin Marabu-c-chelvankal :Ariviyal, Tholilnutpam (Vol-2), Edited by Krishnamurthy.S, Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies. pp.331-343

3.   Ashok,   A.V.   2009:   “Ulaviyal   Nokkil   Puthiya   Pokkukal”,Nikazh   Katturai Kalanchiyam, Edited by Gnaani, Chennai; Kaavya Pub. PP: 540-551

4. Ravichandran,T.K.(Tr), 1998: “Ulaviyal Enrraal Enna?Athai Ninkal Eppadi Arivir?”,     Ulaviyal: Mikach Churukkamaana Arimukam Puthanatham: Adaiyaalam. PP.01-16.

5.   Sarathambal, S.2003: “Avvaiyaar Paadalkalil Manamum Mozhiyum”, “Aandaal Aazhvaar Paadalkalil Penniya Ulappakuppaaivu- Penmozhi Oppeedu”    Penniya Ulappakuppaaivum Penn Ezhuththum, Chennai: IITS. pp.37-54 and 55-64

6.   Shanmugasundaram,  S.,  1991,  Nattu-p-puraviyalil  Ulaviyal  Parvai,  Chennai: IITS, pp.56-76

7.   Saradhambal,  S.,2004,    “Ulaviyal”(pp1-5),  “Ilakkiyamum  Ulappahuppaaivum” (pp-6-22), “Thalaivan Nenchodu kilatthalum Freudin Ulappahuppaaivum” ( pp- 23-31), “Kalitthokai Kanavum Freudin Kanavukkolkaiyum” (pp-32-40), “Kural Kattum Kanavum Ulappahuppaaivum” (pp- 41-48), “Kambar Kattum kanavum Freudin  Ulappahuppaaivum” (pp.49-57) in Ilakkiyamum Ulappahuppaaivum: Kolkaikalum Payilmuraikalum, Madurai:  Harikaran Pathippakam

Desirable Readings:

1.   Rajan.K., 2006, Tolliyal Nokkil Sangakalam, Chennai: IITS

2.   Vanamamalai,  N.,  198,  “Historical  Ballads”,  Folk  Interpretation  of  Tamil Creations, Trivandrum: Dravidian Linguistics Association pp.203-255

3.   Rajagopalan,T., 1993, “Varalaarum Varalaarruth Tamil Novelum”, Varalaarru Novelkalil Varalaarruch Ceythikal, Chennai: pp.11-102

4.   Kumari   Mainthan,   2004.    “Ilakkiyaththil   Varalaaru”,   Indiya   Varalaarril Puraanankal ,Ilaakiyankal, Vaaniyal, Madurai:Venkai Pathippakam. pp.85-113

5. Sivasuramanian,A.  2008:  “Kathai-p-paadalkalum  Varalaarum”,  Tamil-k- kathaippaadalkal, Edited by Balachandran, R. and Dhananjeyan, A., New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp.73-79

6.   Pillai,K.K., 2000, Thamizhaka Varalaaru Makkalum Panpaadum. Chennai: IITS

7.   Thakkar,  Kala,  K.,  1988,  Kalki-  Munshi  Varalaarru  Novelkal  Oor  Oppeedu, Chennai: Tamil Puthakalayam.

Semester-VIII Paper-6

 Tamil Literature and Sociology                                                       (Marks75+25)

The aim of the course is to train the students to read Tamil literature with sociological approaches.  It introduces  the social  history  of Tamilnadu  to enable the student to understand the history of Tamil literature in sociological context.  It teaches the the correlation of social structure, material production and literary production. This course will also train the student to study and analyze literary texts from the perspective of Marxist literary criticism and other sociological theories.

Units of the Course:                                                                         Marks        Periods

1.   An Introduction: Marxism and Literature:                                 10              08

i.     Relationship between literature and society,

ii.     Sociology of literature

iii.    Art and Literature in various social orders

2.   Social History of the Tamils:                                                          10             08

i.    Ancient period    (300 B.C-400.A.D)

ii.   Medieval Period (400 A.D-900 A.D)

iii.  Post Medieval Period (900 A.D-1300A.D)

iv.   Colonial and Modern period (19- 20th Century)

3.   Marxism and Modern Tamil literature:                                       15            10

Criticism, Novels, Modern Poetry

4.   Tamil Literature and Socio-political Movements.                      20            16

i.    National politics and Gandian movement

ii.   Social Reformation and self- respect  movement.

iii.   Gender politics and feminist writings

iv.   Dalit politics and Dalit Literary Movement.

5.   Study of Literary Texts.                                                                   20             16

i.    Thenir  by D.Selvaraj

ii.   Dalit Short Stories: 5 stories only

a)  Dharman- Thazhumbu (pp. 7-16)

b)  Abimani- Nokkadu   (17-24)

c)  Imayam – Uravu   (37-50)

d)  Vizhi.Pa. Ithayavendan – Aasai (73-84)

e)  Srithara ganesan – Uurkali (139-147)

iii.		Poems of  Modern Tamil poetess: (5 poems only)
	a)	Amarantha – Petham (p.33)
	b)	Andal priyadharshini – kaiviri (pp. 39-40)
	c)	Ilampirai – Aruvadai-k-kalam (pp.45-46)
	d)	Krushangini – Ilappukal (p. 64)
	e)	Thamarai – prithalum prithal Nimiththamum (120-121)

Essential Reading:

1.   Selvaraj. D. 1973, Thenir, Chennai: Kavitha Publications.

2.   Ithayavendan, Vizhi. Pa., (Ed), 2000, Dalit Cirukathaikal, Chennai: Kaavya.

3.   Kirushangini (Ed), 2001, Parathal Athan Suthanthiram, Chennai: Kaavya

 Desirable Reading:

1.   K.K.Pillai,  2000,  Tamilaga  Varalaru:  Makkalum  Panpadum,  Chennai:  IITS. PP.14-26; 128-183; 220-245; 421-453; 508-550

2.   Poornachandran,K.(Tr). 1999, “Samookaviyalin Nilaimai”, Samookaviyal Mikach Churukkamaana Arimukam, Puthanatham: Adaiyalam.pp.1-23

3.   Thiraviyam,K., 1974, Desiyam Valartha Tamil, Chennai: Pumpukar Pirasuram.

4.   Letchumi.J.R. 1999, “Gandhiya Puthinankalum Anmaip Pokkukalum”, Akilan- Ra.Su Nallaperumal Novelkalil Gandhiyam, Chennai:  Monika Pathippakam. PP- 41-68)

5. Aravanan,K.P., 1992, “Ilakkiya-c-Camukaviyal” (pp.14-47), “Tholkappiya Camukaviyal” (pp. 48-61), “Canka Ilakkiya Camukaviyal” (pp. 62-91), “Ara Ilakkiyach Camukaviyal” (pp. 92-125), “Kappiya Camukaviyal” (pp. 126-161), “Bhakthi : Ilakkiyach Camukaviyal” (pp. 162-179), “Bharathi and Bharath Dasan Camukaviyal” (pp. 180-279), “Putthilakkiya Camukaviyal” (pp 280- 321), Tamil Ilakkiya-c- Camukaviyal, Puthucherry: Tamil Kottam.

6.   Sivasubramaniyan. A., 2005, “Desiyamum Ilakkiyamum” Tamil Ini-2000:Ulaka- t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan.P and Cheran. U., Nagercoil: Kalachuvadu. pp.417-425

7.   Athiyaman. Pazha., 2005, “Tamil Ilakkiyaththil Indiya Desiyam: Oru Visarippu” Tamil Ini-2000: Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan,P and Cheran, U., Nagercoil:  Kalachuvadu, pp- 426-432

8.   Arasu, V.   2005,  “Dravida Ilakkiam”,  Tamil Ini-2000: Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan,P and Cheran, U., Nagercoil:  Kalachuvadu, pp 455-456.

9.   Rajendra Cholan, 2005, “Tamilakaththil Marksiya Ilakkiyam”, Tamil Ini-2000: Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan, P and Cheran, U., Nagercoil:  Kalachuvadu, pp 459-479.

10. Jeyaprakasam,P.  2005,  “Tamilakaththil  Marksiya  Ilakkiyam”,  Tamil  Ini-2000: Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan,P and Cheran, U. Nagercoil: Kalachuvadu. pp.485-501

11. Ramasamy,   A.,   2005,   “Tamizhakaththil   Dalit      Ilakkiyam”,      Tamil   Ini- 2000:Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan,P and Cheran, U. Nagercoil: Kalachuvadu. pp.507-523

12. Mangai  A.,  2005,  “Penniyamum      Ilakkiyamum”  (553-554),  Tamil  Ini-2000: Ulaka-t-tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru, Edited by Mathivanan,P and Cheran, U., Nagercoil:   Kalachuvadu.

Delhi University Courses Syllabus